Students construct a size-distance scale model for the sun, Earth, moon and stars. In addition, they use their bodies and movements to model the relationship between time and astronomical motions of Earth (rotation on its axis and orbit around the sun) as well as how these motions affect our view of objects in the sky at various times of day and year. Earth’s rotation causes day and night as well as the daily pattern of the sun’s apparent motion and altitude relative to the horizon. In addition, it affects the apparent motion of constellations and stars in the night sky as viewed from Earth. Earth’s orbit around the sun changes the constellations visible in the night sky in a yearly pattern. . The entire lesson is not appropriate for 5th grade, but can be completed without these sections. It includes modeling the reasons for the season using the tilting of students’ bodies which is more appropriate for later grade levels. For those parts that can be used, the following two prerequisites (found on page 4) are observable phenomena that students can connect to the model. 1. Has observed the daily motion of the Sun in the sky and 6. Knows that stars appear in fixed patterns called "constellations". The daily pattern of shadow length and direction is an additional phenomenon that can be connected to the daily motion of the Sun, thus also connecting to the lesson.