MS-LS4-2 Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships.
Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on explanations of the evolutionary relationships among organisms in terms of similarity or differences of the gross appearance of anatomical structures.
Assessment Boundary: none
This resource is explicitly designed to build towards this performance expectation.
Comments about Including the Performance Expectation
A classroom pet tarantula provides the spark to engage students in learning about this Performance Expectation. The first activity, "Tarantula models-an icebreaker activity" guides students towards understanding the anatomy of tarantulas, their relatives, and their common ancestry. While the construction of the tarantula model is asking students to describe rather than explain, it serves to reduce student apprehension. It's the extension part of the lesson that provides students the opportunity to build understanding towards this Performance Expectation. Students research different types of arachnids and compare their anatomical similarities and differences. This process is repeated for fossil images of those very same arachnids. This activity culminates with a discussion of the evolutionary concept of common ancestry. Three sets of questions are provided to facilitate student learning and provide feedback to the teacher, ending with a writing assignment in which the student is to describe the common anatomical characteristics all arachnids possess.
MS-LS2-5 Evaluate competing design solutions for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Clarification Statement: Examples of ecosystem services could include water purification, nutrient recycling, and prevention of soil erosion. Examples of design solution constraints could include scientific, economic, and social considerations.
Assessment Boundary: none
This resource is explicitly designed to build towards this performance expectation.
Comments about Including the Performance Expectation
The third activity, "A real-world ecosystem extension", provides the opportunity for students to develop their understanding of the causes and consequences of extinction to ecosystems and by extension, humans, by investigating real-world examples of tarantulas that are threatened with extinction. Students are introduced to the International Union of Conservation (IUCN) website, conduct online research on different species of Poecilotheria (arboreal tarantulas of India and Sri Lanka). Several questions are provided to facilitate and guide student understanding.
MS-LS2-2 Construct an explanation that predicts patterns of interactions among organisms across multiple ecosystems.
Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on predicting consistent patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships among and between organisms and abiotic components of ecosystems. Examples of types of interactions could include competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial.
Assessment Boundary: none
This resource is explicitly designed to build towards this performance expectation.
Comments about Including the Performance Expectation
The second activity, "Ecosystem Integration", provides the opportunity for students to develop their understanding of relationships of abiotic and biotic factors in ecosystems while learning about tarantulas and their essential role as predators to the health of global ecosystems. Students conduct online research about the ecosystem of an assigned species of tarantula (preferably a classroom pet tarantula). Students share simple, short illustrated stories they have written based on their tarantula in its ecosystem, and the consequences of extinction or overpopulation. Students will explain the ecological role of their tarantula and how the spider species benefits humans. Several questions are provided to facilitate and guide student learning. To enhance the effectiveness of this activity, the teacher should include a real phenomenon in nature, ideally involving spiders, and have students explain why this is happening based on evidence that is presented.